Saletta di Costanzana

Saletta is a small village located in the province of Vercelli, and it is a small fraction of Costanzana. The name Saletta has clear Lombard origins, like other similar place names with the same ending, such as: Salasco, Saliceto, Saluggia and Salera. The term “Sala” was used to indicate the most important place of the “Curtis”, which was usually the residence of the most important members of “Fara”(Lombard military organization).

The story of Saletta of Costanzana, officially begins in the Middle Ages, but there are several stories and unconfirmed reports that gives reason to believe that this place was inhabited since ancient times, in the era in which giants are said to have existed. In the book of Genesis (VI, 4) it is written that the earth before the flood was inhabited by giants and the historic, Giovan Battista Modena, who lived between the sixteenth and the seventeenth century said he found the bones of a giant in the area adjacent to Saletta of Costanzana. Precisely in 1622 came the discovery of a skeleton of gigantic proportions; the historian described it as "a giant body, with an unspeakable height and thickness that I have ever seen, measured". It is said that the bones were so old that they become similar to the stone.

This story has no real historical foundation, but it was found that the area between Saletta and Tower, was once a glacier and that between the nearby hills of Monferrato is possible to find fossils of shells ... according to this theory, the story of the giants in Saletta di Costanzana might have a grain of truth.
Let’s move to the Middle Ages, here we found a first mentioning of the village in 1148 AD and then a second one in an 1152 diploma of Frederick Barbarossa. At the end of the thirteenth century, the family Saletta, owner of some structures of the village, donated all their possessions to the Monastery of San Martino in Lagatasco who later sold them for 625 Imperial Lire  to the Abbey of Sant’ Andrea. In 1481, the fief of Saletta passed to the Marquis of Monferrato, who in turn sold it to Roger Ponzoni of Milan, but it is only in 1625 that the property become possession of the Marquis Giovanni Francesco Mossi. The Marquis Mossi wanted to turn the complex of Saletta into a modern agricultural complex optimizing the harvest and focusing on the development of the social aggregation of the peasants. The project was entrusted to the architect Casale Vitili. In 1829, after the death of the last person of the Mossi family, Saletta of Costanzana passed to the Pallavicini family letting a series of eerie legends begin, especially with the birth of Giuseppe Pallavicini Mossi.
Conceived by an affair between an archbishop (Mossi) and a woman of the Pallavicini family, the child was placed in an orphanage. At age 15, while he was to pick cherries on a tree he was given the good news that he had become, by hereditary right, the owner of the large estate of “Saletta di Costanzana”. The boy contemptuous of the life and legacy uttered this sentence: "It was better than I had died when I was born". It is said that a gypsy, hearing the sentence pronounced, predicted the extinction of the race Pallavicini Mossi within four generations, and indeed, some year ago, the last Pallavicini-Mossi exponent died.

Not much is left of what it has said to be a cursed village. The village today can be divided into three principal parts : The Castle, The Church and “Il Tempietto”.  However, let’s start from the beginning…  and try to summarize the many, written and oral stories, that found place in people imaginary and sometimes even a small space on the sidebars of local newspapers.

The Church
Dedicated to St. Bartholomew, this is the first structure we meets leaving the road and it’s possible to park right in front of it. Its existence has been reported since 1280 and we know that the church belonged for a period to the abbey of St. Andrew, coming later under the diocese of Vercelli.
The structure is fairly preserved, and the access door is today locked to prevent access to the vandals who plundered it in the past. At its core, worthy of note, is a board which is believed to come from the School of Lanino and which depicts the enthroned Virgin holding its child, crowned by two angels, to her right we see San Bartolomeo on her left San Sebastiano.
Locals tell of rather gruesome events related to this church...

It is said that before the bolting of the door, the place was regularly used as place to pursue black masses and demonic rituals; the church was commonly believed to be place of worship of a specific religious sect, who adored the statue of a bull or goat with red eyes, preserved inside the church. This rumour, never confirmed, may have been inspired by the decoration of the tympanum of the church that shows a series of cow skulls in relief. What is known for sure is that the black masses went on regularly inside the church; to discourage the followers, periodic checks were scheduled by the police. In an article of "La Stampa", dated 8 December 1991, appeared some curious testimony, of local children who said to have witnessed these alleged rituals.

Adjacent to the church there is a small cemetery, which only access road is blocked by a big locked iron gate.

The Castle
Its first appearance dates back to a 1272 document, though probably its construction may dates back to an earlier period. Located nearby the church, the castle is formed by a central body surrounded by the ruins of several houses. What once was the structure of the castle, no longer exists, the structures have changed over the years and today it looks more like a farm; it is today uninhabited.

Il Tempietto
“Il Tempietto” construction is linked to the history of an unlucky couple of lovers.
The story goes that once a young girl, who belonged to the Mossi family, desperately fell in love with a knight of the “Torrione”. The man did reciprocate her love but unfortunately her family did not accepted their union, that was the reason why after being hindered in many ways they decided to kill themselves to live happily their love in the afterlife (just like Romeo and Juliet).
It so happened that one night in May the two committed suicide, leaving the Monsignor Mossi so shocked that he decided to build the actual “Tempietto” right where the two killed themselves. It is said that many have reported seeing the spirits of the two lovers appearing right next to the “Tempietto” in the night of May.
However, let’s talk now about the actual story…
Also called the tabernacle of San Sebastiano, “Tempietto” is located about fifty meters from the church and can be reached by passing a field, hidden by vegetation; its shape begins to glimpse when you are close enough to the grove. It is thought that the current structure was built on a more ancient temple dating back to the Romanesque. “Tempietto” is round shaped with twelve columns and a high base, with stairs that connect it to the ground; on the inside there was once an altar which is now completely destroyed.
On the back of the temple, at its base, we can find an opening. Looking at its inside, you can easily see a staircase that descend in the basement which has thrust function for the entire structure. Legends which dates back to the '70s, tell of an intricate network of underground which unravel from the temple to unknown directions.
We know that in the Vercelli area the average length of an underground passage ranged from 1 mile to 2, with exceptions with peaks of 7 km, as well as a few tens of meters.

According to the average distances, the Castle Tower (2.3 Km), but also some church or the castle of the nearest Costanzana, would have been a good chance to be the exit of the tunnel. The problem is that there is no input in this tiny room of “Tempietto”, moreover, along the side walls there are no signs of restoration or post masonry of any kind, while at the center, where we assumed a trap door, there is nothing but clay and earth.
Although there was a widespread fashion to bury the tunnels when they were no longer needed, there is the remote possibility that the current flooring was made up of the debris used to enclose access. It is much more likely that the tunnel had an input in the nearby church or castle, rather than under the tabernacle of San Sebastian. We still haven’t find traces of these underground today.

Legends of Sorrento - The Treasure cave!

Today I want to tell you about a history that has always fascinated me a lot! Since I was I child people in Sorrento, just like anyone else in the area, used to told me about a story related to the area of the Neffola river. I got so interested that I started doing some research I eventually went there...but this is another story...here's to you what I found about the aura of mistery of this place! Enjoy the reading!


Nicolucci’s Cave is located in the Cretaceous limestone ridge overlooking the extreme part of the town of Sorrento, about ninety meters above sea level, where it flows a small waterfall, stream of the source Neffola, that emerge into the sea at Marina Grande. It is not easily visible from a distance, especially in the spring season, as the surrounding area is completely covered with Mediterranean vegetation and a weed in brambles. The opening of the cave has semi-elliptical shape, quite large and high. It leads into a small space of a few square meters where the floor has been lowered due to the input of the many uncontrolled excavations. The interior of the cave has a high vault with stalactite formation, while on the walls are frequent mosses and algae. The back wall, opposite the entrance, is divided into two shelves, one above the other, separated by a stalagmite arch. The upper chamber, raised about two meters from the ground floor, is divided into a vestibule and into an inner chamber, which is accessed with difficulty. The lower compartment is wider than the upper compartment.

Over the years, the cave was often subject of study by many scholars, but it has also undergone many alterations, especially at the hands of curious in search of hidden treasures. The area is in fact linked to many legends, rumors and weird stories, which helped to create an aura of fear and mystery around this place. It seems in fact, that many people from Sorrento and surroundings believed that every night, a warrior armed like S. Giorgio, would monitor the area riding a huge black horse, disappearing later into the ravine below. Woe to meet him!

There’s then the most widespread legend which tells that the cave once treasured a hidden treasure consisting of: precious gems, jewelry, statues and ancient gold coins. The story goes that giant skeletons would have bitten up with unprecedented ferocity and cruelty those who, out of greed or simple curiosity, would have introduced into the cave without knowing the magic words and the other spells designed to allow access guarded the treasure. However, to tell the truth, the treasure really existed and it was the one that Leonardo Lorenzoni, director of the boarding school and the Technical School of matched Viggiano, discovered in 1885. After the excavations, Lorenzoni described the numerous and interesting material found in the cave which he dedicated as a token of esteem to Justinian Nicolucci professor of Anthropology at the University of Naples. Many of the objects found by Lorenzoni in the cavity are now kept in the Museum of Anthropology, founded by Nicolucci himself.

Nicolucci’s Cave currently holds a considerable regional importance since it is so far one of the only extant example of the Bronze Age in Sorrento peninsula. It has restored a large amount of fragments, about a thousand, now found only in small part, which may date back to a period that goes from the Neolithic Serra d'Alto until the fourth century BC, allowing us to reconstruct with a certain approximation the succession of human presence in the cavity. The spots carbonaceous stored on the funds of the vases, the faunal remains (wild but also domestic animals) and ash, the remains of lithic and bone, the weights of the frame, the different whorls, not clearly attributable to a specific cultural horizon, testify, according to some scholars, the unfolding of an activity in the cave of domestic life, every day. The modest size of the cave, however, make it difficult to assume a continuous residential use of the site and suggest rather an occasionally natural shelter probably only as a supplement to a closer and more comfortable home.
Finally it cannot be excluded, the possibility that this place was used as a worship and burial cave.